If an examiner observes a driver showing distant behavior and flat affect, they should:

When an examiner observes a driver exhibiting distant behavior and flat affect, it indicates potential psychological or emotional issues that could affect the individual's ability to safely operate a vehicle. The presence of distant behavior and a flat affect may suggest underlying conditions, such as depression, anxiety, or other mental health disorders, which could impair cognitive functions and decision-making skills essential for driving.

Referring the driver to a mental health professional allows for a comprehensive evaluation of their mental and emotional health. This step is crucial for ensuring that the driver receives the appropriate treatment or support needed before being considered fit to drive. Mental health plays a significant role in overall fitness for duty, and pursuing a professional evaluation helps to safeguard public safety by ensuring that individuals are mentally capable of handling the responsibilities of driving.

Other provided options do not adequately address the potential mental health concerns. Certifying the driver with a short-term or long-term certificate does not consider their observed behaviors and may place them and others at risk if they are not fit to drive. Providing a "CAGE" questionnaire, which screens for alcohol misuse, may not be relevant in this case since the indicators observed do not specifically point to substance use but rather to emotional and mental health issues. Thus, referring the individual for a professional evaluation is the