What is the most common cause of retinopathy?

Diabetes mellitus is recognized as the most common cause of retinopathy, particularly diabetic retinopathy, which is a significant complication for individuals with diabetes. This condition stems from prolonged high blood sugar levels that damage the blood vessels in the retina. Over time, the damage can lead to vision impairment and, if left untreated, can result in blindness.

Understanding the impact of diabetes on the vascular system is crucial, as it can lead to the leakage of fluid, swelling of the retina, and the growth of new abnormal blood vessels. Regular screening for diabetic retinopathy is essential for those with diabetes to catch changes in retinal health early, which can allow for timely intervention to help preserve vision.

While other options like hypertension can also cause retinal damage, its prevalence as a leading cause of retinopathy is not as significant as that of diabetes mellitus. Glaucoma primarily affects the optic nerve and doesn’t specifically involve retinopathy, and macular degeneration affects the central part of the retina but is a different category of retinal disorders. Thus, diabetes mellitus stands out as the main catalyst for the development of retinopathy overall.