What is the primary effect of cataracts on vision?

The primary effect of cataracts on vision is the slow progressive opacification of the lens. Cataracts develop when the proteins in the eye's lens break down and clump together, causing the lens to become cloudy or opaque. This gradual opacity leads to a decline in visual clarity, affecting the ability to see clearly at various distances, which is the hallmark symptom of cataracts. As the condition progresses, individuals may experience blurred vision, difficulty with night vision, and increased sensitivity to glare.

Other options do not accurately represent the nature of cataracts. Complete loss of vision can occur in severe cases but is not the primary effect early on. Cataracts do not enhance peripheral vision; instead, they usually cause central vision problems, which may give the impression of decreased peripheral awareness. Lastly, improved visual acuity is the opposite of what occurs with cataracts; they lead to diminished visual quality as the lens becomes more opaque.